What is used to neutralize acid after vomiting in patients with eating disorders or undergoing chemotherapy?

Sodium bicarbonate is used to neutralize excess acid in the stomach and the esophagus after episodes of vomiting. In the context of patients with eating disorders or those undergoing chemotherapy, vomiting can lead to a significant loss of stomach acid, which may cause irritation and discomfort in the digestive tract. Sodium bicarbonate is a basic compound that reacts with stomach acid (hydrochloric acid) to form water and carbon dioxide, thereby reducing acidity and helping to alleviate symptoms associated with acid reflux or irritation.

Other substances listed, such as calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide, are also antacids but function slightly differently. Calcium carbonate primarily acts by neutralizing acidity and providing calcium but is not as effective in patients who require a rapid adjustment of pH due to significant acid buildup from vomiting. Magnesium hydroxide can neutralize stomach acid but is typically used for different gastrointestinal conditions and may have a laxative effect, making it less preferred in these cases. Potassium chloride is not an antacid and is mainly used to maintain electrolyte balance, which makes it unsuitable for addressing acid neutralization after vomiting. Thus, sodium bicarbonate stands out as the most versatile and effective option for neutralizing acid in the scenarios presented.