What is a common side effect of excessive fluoride exposure?

Excessive fluoride exposure often leads to dental fluorosis, a condition characterized by the mottling of teeth enamel. This occurs when children consume too much fluoride during the years when their teeth are still developing, usually up to about the age of 8. Dental fluorosis presents as white streaks or spots on the teeth, and in more severe cases, the enamel may become pitted or discolored. While fluoride is beneficial in preventing cavities when used appropriately, excessive intake during critical development stages can result in these aesthetic changes.

Understanding the mechanisms and timing of fluoride exposure is essential for dental professionals, as it allows them to educate patients about proper fluoride use and potential risks. Fluoride is integral to cavity prevention, which clarifies why options mentioning cavities, gum disease, or tooth sensitivity do not directly relate to the effects of excessive fluoride. Rather, they refer to other dental health issues possibly arising from different causes.