What can low fluoride levels in water lead to in children?

Low fluoride levels in water can lead to dental caries, or cavities, in children. Fluoride plays a critical role in the development of strong enamel by enhancing the remineralization process, which helps to repair early signs of decay. When fluoride is present at optimal levels, it provides a protective effect against the acids produced by bacteria that cause tooth decay. Insufficient fluoride, on the other hand, reduces this protective mechanism and leaves children's teeth more vulnerable to cavities.

In summary, without adequate fluoride, the natural defenses of the teeth against decay are compromised, leading to a higher incidence of dental caries in children.