What are common symptoms of gingivitis?

Gingivitis is an inflammation of the gums that is primarily caused by the accumulation of plaque—a sticky film of bacteria—on the teeth. The hallmark symptoms of gingivitis typically include red, swollen gums, which often bleed during brushing or flossing. This condition is generally reversible with proper oral hygiene and professional dental care, making early recognition of these symptoms crucial for preventing more severe periodontal diseases.

The symptoms associated with gingivitis stem from the body's inflammatory response to the presence of plaque and bacteria near the gum tissue. As the gums become inflamed, they can lose their tight adherence to the teeth, leading to bleeding. Noticing that the gums are red rather than their usual healthy pink is another critical indicator that may signal the onset of gingivitis.

In contrast, other symptoms listed in the options, such as white patches on the gums, painful teeth sensitivity, and persistent bad breath, may indicate different oral health issues or conditions. White patches could signify fungal infections or other mucosal conditions, while painful sensitivity typically refers to issues with the teeth rather than the gums specifically. Persistent bad breath might emerge from various dental problems or systemic health issues but is not solely indicative of gingivitis. Therefore, the most representative symptom of gingivitis from the options provided is