Mild to moderate fluorosis occurs at which of the following parts per million (ppm) levels?

Mild to moderate fluorosis is a dental condition that results from excessive fluoride intake during the early stages of tooth development. The key threshold for the development of this condition typically begins at fluoride concentrations higher than 2 parts per million (ppm). At or above this level, the risk of enamel changes increases, leading to the characteristic white spots or mottled enamel seen in fluorosis.

Studies and clinical observations have consistently indicated that fluoride levels above 2 ppm are associated with an increased incidence of mild to moderate fluorosis. These concentrations can arise from various sources, including naturally occurring fluoride in water supplies, dental products, and dietary supplements. Dental professionals and public health guidelines carefully consider this threshold when recommending fluoride use, especially for children, to minimize the risk of developing fluorosis while still benefiting from the caries-preventive effects of fluoride.

Choosing greater than 2 ppm aligns with established dental health guidelines and research findings, emphasizing the importance of monitoring fluoride exposure to prevent enamel discoloration and maintain overall dental health.