How do sealants primarily protect against caries?

Sealants primarily protect against caries by acting as a barrier to food particles and bacteria. The primary function of sealants is to fill in the grooves and pits of the teeth, particularly the occlusal surfaces of the molars, where food particles and plaque can easily accumulate. This accumulation often leads to the development of carious lesions.

By covering these vulnerable areas, sealants create a physical barrier that prevents food debris and bacteria from penetrating the tooth surface. This barrier significantly reduces the risk of tooth decay in those areas, thereby helping to maintain the integrity of the tooth and overall oral health.

Other options present contrasting concepts to the role of sealants. For instance, sealants do not change the pH of the mouth, nor do they provide cosmetic benefits. They also do not restore or replace lost tooth structure, which is a function usually associated with restorative materials such as fillings or crowns. The effectiveness of sealants in caries prevention is well-established, making them a valuable tool in pediatric and preventive dentistry.